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ks8995xa integrated 5-port 10/100 qos switch rev 2.6 micrel inc. ? 2180 fortune drive ? san jose, ca 95131 ? usa ? tel +1 (408) 944-0800 ? fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 ? http://www.micre l.com september 2008 m9999-091508 general description the ks8995xa is a highly integrated layer-2 quality of service (qos) switch with optimized bill of materials (bom) cost for low port count, cost-sensitive 10/100mbps switch systems. it also provides an extensive feature set including three different qos priority schemes, a dual mii interface for bom cost reduction, rate limiting to offload cpu tasks, software and hardware power-down, a mdc/mdio control interface and port mirroring/monitoring to effectively address both current and emerging fast ethernet applications. the ks8995xa contains five 10/100 transceivers with patented mixed-signal low-power technology, five media access control (mac) units, a high-speed non-blocking switch fabric, a dedicated address lookup engine, and an on-chip frame buffer memory. all phy units support 10base-t and 100base-tx. in addition, two of the phy units support 100basefx (ports 4 and 5). functional diagram 1k look-up engine queue mgmnt 10/100 mac 1 buffer mgmnt frame buffers f i f o , f l o w c o n t r o l , v l a n t a g g i n g , p r i o r i t y 10/100 mac 2 10/100 mac 3 10/100 mac 4 10/100 mac 5 sni 10/100 t/tx 1 10/100 t/tx 2 10/100 t/tx 3 10/100 t/tx/fx 4 10/100 t/tx/fx 5 eeprom i/f led i/f auto mdi/mdi-x mii-sw or sni led0[5:1] led1[5:1] led2[5:1] control registers mii-p5 mdc, mdi/o auto mdi/mdi-x auto mdi/mdi-x auto mdi/mdi-x auto mdi/mdi-x ks8995xa
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 2 m9999-091508 features ? integrated switch with five macs and five fast ethernet transceivers fully compliant to ieee 802.3u standard ? shared memory based switch fabric with fully nonblocking configuration ? 10base-t, 100base-tx and 100base-fx modes (fx in ports 4 and 5) ? dual mii configuration: mii-switch (mac or phy mode mii) and mii-p5 (phy mode mii) ? vlan id tag/untag options, per-port basis ? enable/disable option for huge frame size up to 1916 bytes per frame ? broadcast storm protection with percent control ? global and per-port basis ? optimization for fiber-to-copper media conversion ? full-chip hardware power-down support (register configuration not saved) ? per-port-based software power-save on phy (idle link detection, register configuration preserved) ? qos/cos packets prioritiza tion supports: per port, 802.1p and diffserv-based ? 802.1p/q tag insertion or removal on a per-port basis (egress) ? port-based vlan support ? mdc and mdi/o interface support to access the mii phy control registers (not all control registers) ? mii local loopback support ? on-chip 64kbyte memory for frame buffering (not shared with 1k unicast address table) ? 1.4gbps high performance memory bandwidth ? wire-speed reception and transmission ? integrated look-up engine with dedicated 1k unicast mac addresses ? automatic address learning, address aging and address migration ? full-duplex ieee 802.3x and half-duplex back pressure flow control ? comprehensive led support ? 7-wire sni support for legacy mac interface ? automatic mdi/mdi-x crossover for plug-and-play ? disable automatic mdi/mdi-x option ? low power core: 1.8v digital i/o: 3.3v analog i/o: 2.5 or 3.3v ? 0.18m cmos technology ? commercial temperature range: 0c to +70c ? available in 128-pin pqfp package applications ? broadband gateway/firewall/vpn ? integrated dsl or cable modem multi-port router ? wireless lan access point plus gateway ? home networking expansion ? standalone 10/100 switch ? hotel/campus/mxu gateway ? enterprise voip gateway/phone ? fttx customer premise equipment ? media converter ordering information part number standard pb-free temperature range package ks8995xa ksz8995xa 0c to +70c 128-pin pqfp
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 3 m9999-091508 revision history revision date summary of changes 2.0 10/15/03 created. 2.1 4/1/04 editorial changes on ttl input and output electrical characteristics. 2.2 1/19/05 insert recommended reset circuit. 2.3 4/13/05 switched pins names for pins 7 & 8 on page 16. changed vddio to 3.3v. changed jitter to 16 ns max. 2.4 7/14/06 update pin description for pcrs, pcol, etc. update the description of the register and miim register for the loop-back, etc. and update the mii timing diagram. 2.5 6/01/07 add package thermal information in the operating rating and the transformer power consumption information in the electrical characteristics note. 2.6 9/15/08 add description for the revision id and led mode, etc.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 4 m9999-091508 contents system level applications...................................................................................................... ..................................... 6 pin confi guration .............................................................................................................. ............................................ 8 pin description (by number).................................................................................................... .................................... 9 pin description (by name) ...................................................................................................... ................................... 14 introduc tion ................................................................................................................... .............................................. 19 functional overview: physical layer transceiver ................................................................................ .................. 19 100base-tx transmit............................................................................................................ .................................. 19 100base-tx receive............................................................................................................. .................................. 19 pll clock sy nthesizer.......................................................................................................... .................................... 19 scrambler/de-scrambler (100base- tx only)....................................................................................... ................... 19 100base-fx operation........................................................................................................... ................................. 20 100base-fx signal detection .................................................................................................... ............................. 20 100base-fx far end fault....................................................................................................... ............................... 20 10base-t transmit .............................................................................................................. .................................... 20 10base-t receive ............................................................................................................... .................................... 20 power ma nagement............................................................................................................... ................................... 20 mdi/mdi-x auto crossover ....................................................................................................... ............................... 20 auto-negotiation ............................................................................................................... ........................................ 20 functional overview : switch core ............................................................................................... ............................. 21 address look-up ................................................................................................................ ...................................... 21 learning ....................................................................................................................... ............................................. 21 migration ...................................................................................................................... ............................................. 21 aging .......................................................................................................................... ............................................... 21 switching engine ............................................................................................................... ....................................... 22 media access controller (mac) operation........................................................................................ ....................... 22 inter-packet gap (ipg) ............................................................................................................................... .............. 22 backoff algorithm ............................................................................................................................... ....................... 22 late collision ............................................................................................................................... ............................. 22 illegal frames ............................................................................................................................... ............................ 22 flow control ............................................................................................................................... ............................... 22 half-duplex back pressure ............................................................................................................................... ........ 22 broadcast storm protection ............................................................................................................................... ....... 23 mii interface operation ........................................................................................................ ..................................... 24 sni interface operation ........................................................................................................ ...................................... 26 advanced fun ctionality......................................................................................................... ..................................... 26 qos support .................................................................................................................... ......................................... 26 rate limi t suppor t ............................................................................................................. ....................................... 28 configuration interface........................................................................................................ ...................................... 29 i 2 c master serial bus configuration ......................................................................................................................... 29 mii management interface (miim) ................................................................................................ ............................ 29 register map................................................................................................................... ............................................. 30 global regi sters ............................................................................................................... ........................................ 30 register 0 (0x00): chip id0 ............................................................................................................................... ....... 30 register 1 (0x01): chip id1/start switch .................................................................................................................. 30 register 2 (0x02): global control 0 .......................................................................................................................... 30 register 3 (0x03): global control 1 .......................................................................................................................... 31 register 4 (0x04): global control 2 .......................................................................................................................... 32 register 5 (0x05): global control 3 .......................................................................................................................... 33 register 6 (0x06): global control 4 .......................................................................................................................... 33 register 7 (0x07): global control 5 .......................................................................................................................... 34 register 8 (0x08): global control 6 .......................................................................................................................... 34 register 9 (0x09): global control 7 .......................................................................................................................... 34 register 10 (0x0a): global control 8 ........................................................................................................................ 34
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 5 m9999-091508 register 11 (0x0b): global control 9 ........................................................................................................................ 34 port registers ................................................................................................................. .......................................... 35 register 16 (0x10): port 1 control 0 ......................................................................................................................... 35 register 17 (0x11): port 1 control 1 ......................................................................................................................... 35 register 18 (0x12): port 1 control 2 ......................................................................................................................... 36 register 19 (0x13): port 1 control 3 ......................................................................................................................... 37 register 20 (0x14): port 1 control 4 ......................................................................................................................... 37 register 21 (0x15): port 1 control 5 ......................................................................................................................... 37 register 22 (0x16): port 1 control 6 ......................................................................................................................... 37 register 23 (0x17): port 1 control 7 ......................................................................................................................... 38 register 24 (0x18): port 1 control 8 ......................................................................................................................... 38 register 25 (0x19): port 1 control 9 ......................................................................................................................... 38 register 26 (0x1a): port 1 control 10 ....................................................................................................................... 39 register 27 (0x1b): port 1 control 11 ....................................................................................................................... 39 register 28 (0x1c): port 1 control 12 ...................................................................................................................... 40 register 29 (0x1d): port 1 control 13 ...................................................................................................................... 40 register 30 (0x1e): port 1 status 0 .......................................................................................................................... 41 register 31 (0x1f): port 1 control 14 ....................................................................................................................... 41 advanced control registers ..................................................................................................... ................................ 43 register 96 (0x60): tos priority control register 0 ................................................................................................ 43 register 97 (0x61): tos priority control register 1 ................................................................................................ 43 register 98 (0x62): tos priority control register 2 ................................................................................................ 43 register 99 (0x63): tos priority control register 3 ................................................................................................ 43 register 100 (0x64): tos priority control register 4 .............................................................................................. 43 register 101 (0x65): tos priority control register 5 .............................................................................................. 43 register 102 (0x66): tos priority control register 6 .............................................................................................. 43 register 103 (0x67): tos priority control register 7 .............................................................................................. 43 register 104 (0x68): mac address register 0 ......................................................................................................... 43 register 105 (0x69): mac address register 1 ......................................................................................................... 43 register 106 (0x6a): mac address register 2 ........................................................................................................ 43 register 107 (0x6b): mac address register 3 ........................................................................................................ 43 register 108 (0x6c): mac address register 4 ........................................................................................................ 43 register 109 (0x6d): mac address register 5 ....................................................................................................... 43 miim registers ................................................................................................................. ......................................... 44 register 0: mii control ............................................................................................................................... ............... 44 register 1: mii status ............................................................................................................................... ................ 44 register 2: phyid high ............................................................................................................................... ............ 45 register 3: phyid low ............................................................................................................................... ............ 45 register 4: advertisement ability .............................................................................................................................. 4 5 register 5: link partner ability ............................................................................................................................... .. 45 absolute maximum ratings (1) ............................................................................................................................... ..... 46 operating ratings (2) ............................................................................................................................... ..................... 46 electrical characteristics (4, 5) ............................................................................................................................... ....... 46 timing di agrams ................................................................................................................ ......................................... 48 reset circuit diagram.......................................................................................................... ....................................... 53 selection of isolation transformer (1) ......................................................................................................................... 54 package info rmation ............................................................................................................ ....................................... 55
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 6 m9999-091508 system level applications figure 1. broadband gateway ethernet mac switch controller on-chip frame bu ffers mii-sw 10/100 phy 5 4-port lan mii-p5 10/100 mac 1 10/100 mac 2 10/100 mac 3 10/100 mac 4 10/100 mac 5 10/100 phy 1 10/100 phy 2 10/100 phy 3 10/100 phy 4 ks8995xa eepr om i/f eepr om cpu figure 2. integrated broadband router
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 7 m9999-091508 figure 3. standalone switch
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 8 m9999-091508 pin configuration mdixdis gnda vddar rxp1 rxm1 gnda txp1 txm1 vddat rxp2 rxm2 gnda txp2 txm2 vddar gnda iset vddat rxp3 rxm3 gnda txp3 txm3 vddat rxp4 rxm4 gnda txp4 txm4 gnda vddar rxp5 rxm5 gnda txp5 txm5 vddat fxsd5 led2-1 led2-2 vddio gndd led3-0 led3-1 led3-2 led4-0 led4-1 led4-2 led5-0 led5-1 led5-2 vddc gndd sconf0 sconf1 scrs scol smrxd0 smrxd1 smrxd2 smrxd3 smrxdv smrxc vddio gndd smtxc smtxer smtxd0 smtxd1 smtxd2 smtxd3 smtexn pcol pcrs pmrxer pmrxd0 pmrxd1 pmrxd2 pmrxd3 pmrxdv pmrxc vddio gndd pmtxc pmtxer pmtxd0 pmtxd1 pmtxd2 pmtxd3 pmtxen vddc gndd reserve pwrdn_n mux2 mux1 gnda vddar gnda vddar gnda fxsd4 led2-0 led1-2 led1-1 led1-0 mdc mdio spiq spic/scl spid/sda spis_n ps1 ps0 rst_n gndd vddc testen scanen nc x1 x2 vddap gnda vddar gnda gnda test2 65 39 1 103 128-pin pqfp (pq)
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 9 m9999-091508 pin description (by number) pin number pin name type (1) port pin function (2) 1 mdi-xdis ipd 1-5 disable auto mdi/mdi-x. pd (default) = normal operation. pu = disable auto mdi/mdi-x on all ports. 2 gnda gnd analog ground. 3 vddar p 1.8v analog v dd . 4 rxp1 i 1 physical receive signal + (differential). 5 rxm1 i 1 physical receive signal ? (differential). 6 gnda gnd analog ground. 7 txp1 o 1 physical transmit signal + (differential). 8 txm1 o 1 physical transmit signal ? (differential). 9 vddat p 2.5v or 3.3v analog v dd . 10 rxp2 i 2 physical receive signal + (differential). 11 rxm2 i 2 physical receive signal ? (differential). 12 gnda gnd analog ground. 13 txp2 o 2 physical transmit signal + (differential). 14 txm2 o 2 physical transmit signal ? (differential). 15 vddar p 1.8v analog v dd . 16 gnda gnd analog ground. 17 iset set physical transmit output current. pull-down with a 3.01k ? 1% resistor. 18 vddat p 2.5v or 3.3v analog v dd . 19 rxp3 i 3 physical receive signal + (differential). 20 rxm3 i 3 physical receive signal - (differential). 21 gnda gnd analog ground. 22 txp3 o 3 physical transmit signal + (differential). 23 txm3 o 3 physical transmit signal ? (differential). 24 vddat p 2.5v or 3.3v analog v dd . 25 rxp4 i 4 physical receive signal + (differential). 26 rxm4 i 4 physical receive signal - (differential). 27 gnda gnd analog ground. 28 txp4 o 4 physical transmit signal + (differential). 29 txm4 o 4 physical transmit signal ? (differential). 30 gnda gnd analog ground. notes: 1. p = power supply. i = input. o = output. i/o = bidirectional. gnd = ground. ipu = input w/internal pull-up. ipd = input w/internal pull-down. ipd/o = input w/internal pull-down during reset, output pin otherwise. ipu/o = input w/internal pull-up during reset, output pin otherwise. 2. pu = strap pin pull-up. pd = strap pull-down. otri = output tristated.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 10 m9999-091508 pin number pin name type (1) port pin function (2) 31 vddar p 1.8v analog v dd . 32 rxp5 i 5 physical receive signal + (differential). 33 rxm5 i 5 physical receive signal ? (differential). 34 gnda gnd analog ground. 35 txp5 o 5 physical transmit signal + (differential). 36 txm5 o 5 physical transmit signal ? (differential). 37 vddat p 2.5v or 3.3v analog v dd . 38 fxsd5 i 5 fiber signal detec t/factory test pin. 39 fxsd4 i 4 fiber signal detec t/factory test pin. 40 gnda gnd analog ground. 41 vddar p 1.8v analog v dd . 42 gnda gnd analog ground. 43 vddar p 1.8v analog v dd . 44 gnda gnd analog ground. 45 nc / mux1 i no connect. factory test pin. 46 nc / mux2 i no connect. factory test pin. 47 pwrdn_n ipu full-chip power down. active low. 48 reserve/nc reserved pin. no connect. 49 gndd gnd digital ground. 50 vddc p 1.8v digital core v dd . 51 pmtxen ipd 5 phy[5] mii transmit enable. 52 pmtxd3 ipd 5 phy[5] mii transmit bit 3. 53 pmtxd2 ipd 5 phy[5] mii transmit bit 2. 54 pmtxd1 ipd 5 phy[5] mii transmit bit 1. 55 pmtxd0 ipd 5 phy[5] mii transmit bit 0. 56 pmtxer ipd 5 phy[5] mii transmit error. 57 pmtxc o 5 phy[5] mii transmit clock. phy mode m ii. 58 gndd gnd digital ground. 59 vddio p 3.3v digital v dd for digital i/o circuitry. 60 pmrxc o 5 phy[5] mii receive clock. phy mode m ii. notes: 1. p = power supply. i = input. o = output. i/o = bidirectional. gnd = ground. ipu = input w/internal pull-up. ipd = input w/internal pull-down. ipd/o = input w/internal pull-down during reset, output pin otherwise. ipu/o = input w/internal pull-up during reset, output pin otherwise. 2. pu = strap pin pull-up. pd = strap pull-down. otri = output tristated.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 11 m9999-091508 pin number pin name type (1) port pin function (2) 61 pmrxdv ipd/o 5 phy[5] mii receive data valid. 62 pmrxd3 ipd/o 5 phy[5] mii receive bit 3. strap option: pd (default) = enable flow control; pu = disable flow control. 63 pmrxd2 ipd/o 5 phy[5] mii receive bit 2. strap option: pd (default) = disable back pressure; pu = enable back pressure. 64 pmrxd1 ipd/o 5 phy[5] mii receive bit 1. strap option: pd (default) = drop excessive collision packets; pu = does not drop excessive collision packets. 65 pmrxd0 ipd/o 5 phy[5] mii receive bit 0. strap option: pd (default) = disable aggressive back-off algorithm in half-duplex mode; pu = enable for performance enhancement. 66 pmrxer ipd/o 5 phy[5] mii receive error. strap option: pd (default) = packet size 1518/1522 bytes; pu = 1536 bytes. 67 pcrs ipd/o 5 phy[5] mii carrier sense/strap option for port 4 only. pd (default) = force half-duplex if auto-negotiation is disabled or fails. pu = force full- duplex if auto negotiation is disabled or fails. refer to register 76. 68 pcol ipd/o 5 phy[5] mii collision detect/ strap option for port 4 only. pd (default) = no force flow control, normal operation. pu = force flow control. refer to register 66. 69 smtxen ipd switch mii transmit enable. 70 smtxd3 ipd switch mii transmit bit 3. 71 smtxd2 ipd switch mii transmit bit 2. 72 smtxd1 ipd switch mii transmit bit 1. 73 smtxd0 ipd switch mii transmit bit 0. 74 smtxer ipd switch mii transmit error. 75 smtxc i/o switch mii transmit clock. phy or mac mode m ii. 76 gndd gnd digital ground. 77 vddio p 3.3v digital v dd for digital i/o circuitry. 78 smrxc i/o switch mii receive clock. phy or mac mode m ii. 79 smrxdv ipd/o switch mii receive data valid. 80 smrxd3 ipd/o switch mii receive bit 3. strap option: pd (default) = disable switch mii full-duplex flow control; pu = enable switch mii full-duplex flow control. 81 smrxd2 ipd/o switch mii receive bit 2. strap option: pd (default) = switch mii in full- duplex mode; pu = switch mii in half-duplex mode. 82 smrxd1 ipd/o switch mii receive bit 1. strap option: pd (default) = switch mii in 100mbps mode; pu = switch mii in 10mbps mode. 83 smrxd0 ipd/o switch mii receive bit 0; strap option: see ?register 11[1].? 84 scol ipd/o switch mii collision detect. 85 scrs ipd/o switch mode carrier sense. notes: 1. p = power supply. i = input. o = output. i/o = bidirectional. gnd = ground. ipu = input w/internal pull-up. ipd = input w/internal pull-down. ipd/o = input w/internal pull-down during reset, output pin otherwise. ipu/o = input w/internal pull-up during reset, output pin otherwise. 2. pu = strap pin pull-up. pd = strap pull-down. otri = output tristated.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 12 m9999-091508 pin number pin name type (1) port pin function (2) 86 sconf1 ipd dual mii configuration pin. pin# (91, 86, 87): switch mii phy [5] mii 000 disable, otri disable, otri 001 phy mode mii disable, otri 010 mac mode mii disable, otri 011 phy mode sni disable, otri 100 disable disable 101 phy mode mii phy mode mii 110 mac mode mii phy mode mii 111 phy mode sni phy mode mii 87 sconf0 ipd dual mii configuration pin. 88 gndd gnd digital ground. 89 vddc p 1.8v digital core v dd . 90 led5-2 ipu/o 5 led indicator 2. aging setup. see ?aging? section. 91 led5-1 ipu/o 5 led indicator 1. strap option: pu (default): enable phy[5] mii i/f. pd: tristate all phy[5] mii output. see ?pin# 86 sconf1.? 92 led5-0 ipu/o 5 led indicator 0. 93 led4-2 ipu/o 4 led indicator 2. 94 led4-1 ipu/o 4 led indicator 1. 95 led4-0 ipu/o 4 led indicator 0. 96 led3-2 ipu/o 3 led indicator 2. 97 led3-1 ipu/o 3 led indicator 1. 98 led3-0 ipu/o 3 led indicator 0. 99 gndd gnd digital ground. 100 vddio p 3.3v digital v dd for digital i/o. 101 led2-2 ipu/o 2 led indicator 2. 102 led2-1 ipu/o 2 led indicator 1. 103 led2-0 ipu/o 2 led indicator 0. 104 led1-2 ipu/o 1 led indicator 2. 105 led1-1 ipu/o 1 led indicator 1. 106 led1-0 ipu/o 1 led indicator 0. notes: 1. p = power supply. i = input. o = output. i/o = bidirectional. gnd = ground. ipu = input w/internal pull-up. ipd = input w/internal pull-down. ipd/o = input w/internal pull-down during reset, output pin otherwise. ipu/o = input w/internal pull-up during reset, output pin otherwise. nc = no connect. 2. pu = strap pin pull-up. pd = strap pull-down. otri = output tristated.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 13 m9999-091508 pin number pin name type (1) port pin function 106 led1-0 ipu/o 1 led indicator 0. (2) 107 mdc ipu all switch or phy[5] mii management data clock. (2) 108 mdio ipu/o all switch or phy[5] mii management data i/o. 109 reserved all no connect. 110 scl i/o all output clock at 81khz in i 2 c master mode. 111 sda i/o all serial data input/output in i 2 c master mode. 112 reserved all no connect 113 ps1 ipd no connect or pull-down. 114 ps0 ipd no connect or pull-down. 115 rst_n ipu reset the ks8995xa. active low. 116 gndd gnd digital ground. 117 vddc p 1.8v digital core v dd . 118 testen ipd factory test pin. 119 scanen ipd factory test pin. 120 nc nc no connection. 121 x1 i 25mhz crystal clock connection/or 3.3v tolerant oscillator input. oscillator should be 100ppm. 122 x2 o 25mhz crystal clock connection. 123 vddap p 1.8v analog v dd for pll. 124 gnda gnd analog ground. 125 vddar p 1.8v analog v dd . 126 gnda gnd analog ground. 127 gnda gnd analog ground. 128 test2 factory test pin. notes: 1. p = power supply. i = input. o = output. i/o = bidirectional. gnd = ground. ipu = input w/internal pull-up. ipd = input w/internal pull-down. ipd/o = input w/internal pull-down during reset, output pin otherwise. ipu/o = input w/internal pull-up during reset, output pin otherwise. nc = no connect. 2. pu = strap pin pull-up. pd = strap pull-down. otri = output tristated.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 14 m9999-091508 pin description (by name) pin number pin name type (1) port pin function 39 fxsd4 i 4 fiber signal detec t/factory test pin. 38 fxsd5 i 5 fiber signal detec t/factory test pin. 2 gnda gnd analog ground. 6 gnda gnd analog ground. 12 gnda gnd analog ground. 16 gnda gnd analog ground. 21 gnda gnd analog ground. 27 gnda gnd analog ground. 30 gnda gnd analog ground. 34 gnda gnd analog ground. 40 gnda gnd analog ground. 42 gnda gnd analog ground. 44 gnda gnd analog ground. 120 nc nc no connection. 124 gnda gnd analog ground. 126 gnda gnd analog ground. 127 gnda gnd analog ground. 49 gndd gnd digital ground. 58 gndd gnd digital ground. 76 gndd gnd digital ground. 88 gndd gnd digital ground. 99 gndd gnd digital ground. 116 gndd gnd digital ground. 17 iset set physical transmit output current. pull down with a 3.01k ? 1% resistor. 106 led1-0 ipu/o 1 led indicator 0. 105 led1-1 ipu/o 1 led indicator 1. 104 led1-2 ipu/o 1 led indicator 2. 103 led2-0 ipu/o 2 led indicator 0. 102 led2-1 ipu/o 2 led indicator 1. 101 led2-2 ipu/o 2 led indicator 2. 98 led3-0 ipu/o 3 led indicator 0. 97 led3-1 ipu/o 3 led indicator 1. notes: 1. p = power supply. i = input. o = output. i/o = bidirectional. gnd = ground. ipu = input w/internal pull-up. ipd = input w/internal pull-down. ipd/o = input w/internal pull-down during reset, output pin otherwise. ipu/o = input w/internal pull-up during reset, output pin otherwise. nc = no connect.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 15 m9999-091508 pin number pin name type (1) port pin function (2) 96 led3-2 ipu/o 3 led indicator 2. 95 led4-0 ipu/o 4 led indicator 0. 94 led4-1 ipu/o 4 led indicator 1. 93 led4-2 ipu/o 4 led indicator 2. 92 led5-0 ipu/o 5 led indicator 0. 91 led5-1 ipu/o 5 led indicator 1. strap option: pu (default): enable phy mii i/f pd: tristate all phy mii output. see ?pin# 86 sconf1.? 90 led5-2 ipu/o 5 led indicator 2. aging setup. see ?aging? section. 107 mdc ipu all switch or phy[5] mii management data clock. 108 mdio ipu/o all switch or phy[5] mii management data i/o. 45 nc / mux1 i no connect. factory test pin. 46 nc / mux2 i no connect. factory test pin. 68 pcol ipd/o 5 phy[5] mii collision detect/ strap option for port 4 only. pd (default) = no force flow control, normal operation. pu = force flow control. refer to register 66. 67 pcrs ipd/o 5 phy[5] mii carrier sense/strap option for port 4 only. pd (default) = force half-duplex if auto-negotiation is disabled or fails. pu = force full- duplex if auto negotiation is disabled or fails. refer to register 76. 60 pmrxc o 5 phy[5] mii receive clock. phy mode m ii. 65 pmrxd0 ipd/o 5 phy[5] mii receive bit 0. strap option: pd (default) = disable aggressive back-off algorithm in half-duplex mode; pu = enable for performance enhancement. 64 pmrxd1 ipd/o 5 phy[5] mii receive bit 1. strap option: pd (default) = drop excessive collision packets; pu = does not drop excessive collision packets. 63 pmrxd2 ipd/o 5 phy[5] mii receive bit 2. strap option: pd (default) = disable back pressure; pu = enable back pressure. 62 pmrxd3 ipd/o 5 phy[5] mii receive bit 3. strap option: pd (default) = enable flow control; pu = disable flow control. 61 pmrxdv ipd/o 5 phy[5] mii receive data valid. 66 pmrxer ipd/o 5 phy[5] mii receive error. strap option: pd (default) = packet size 1518/ 1522 bytes; pu = 1536 bytes. 57 pmtxc o 5 phy[5] mii transmit clock. phy mode m ii. 55 pmtxd0 ipd 5 phy[5] mii transmit bit 0. 54 pmtxd1 ipd 5 phy[5] mii transmit bit 1. 53 pmtxd2 ipd 5 phy[5] mii transmit bit 2. 52 pmtxd3 ipd 5 phy[5] mii transmit bit 3. 51 pmtxen ipd 5 phy[5] mii transmit enable. 56 pmtxer ipd 5 phy[5] mii transmit error. 114 ps0 ipd no connect or pull down. 113 ps1 ipd no connect or pull down. notes: 1. p = power supply. 2. pu = strap pin pull-up. i = input. pd = strap pull-down. o = output. i/o = bidirectional. gnd = ground. ipu = input w/internal pull-up. ipd = input w/internal pull-down. ipd/o = input w/internal pull-down during reset, output pin otherwise. ipu/o = input w/internal pull-up during reset, output pin otherwise.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 16 m9999-091508 pin number pin name type (1) port pin function (2) 47 pwrdn_n ipu full-chip power down. active low. 48 reserve/nc reserved pin. no connect. 109 reserved all no connect. 112 reserved all no connect. 115 rst_n ipu reset the ks8995x. active low. 5 rxm1 i 1 physical receive signal - (differential). 11 rxm2 i 2 physical receive signal - (differential). 20 rxm3 i 3 physical receive signal - (differential). 26 rxm4 i 4 physical receive signal - (differential). 33 rxm5 i 5 physical receive signal - (differential). 4 rxp1 i 1 physical receive signal + (differential). 10 rxp2 i 2 physical receive signal + (differential). 19 rxp3 i 3 physical receive signal + (differential). 25 rxp4 i 4 physical receive signal + (differential). 32 rxp5 i 5 physical receive signal + (differential). 119 scanen ipd factory test pin. 110 scl i/o all output clock at 81khz in i 2 c master mode. see ?pin# 113.? 84 scol ipd/o switch mii collision detect. 87 sconf0 ipd dual mii configuration pin. 86 sconf1 ipd dual mii configuration pin. pin# (91, 86, 87): switch mii phy [5] mii 000 disable, otri disable, otri 001 phy mode mii disable, otri 010 mac mode mii disable, otri 011 phy mode sni disable, otri 100 disable disable 101 phy mode mii phy mode mii 110 mac mode mii phy mode mii 111 phy mode sni phy mode mii 85 scrs ipd/o switch mii carrier sense. 111 sda i /o all serial data input/output in i 2 c master mode. see ?pin# 113.? 78 smrxc i/o switch mii receive clock. phy or mac mode m ii. 83 smrxd0 ipd/o switch mii receive bit 0; strap option: see ?register 11[1].? notes: 1. p = power supply. 2. otri = output tristated. i = input. o = output. i/o = bidirectional. gnd = ground. ipu = input w/internal pull-up. ipd = input w/internal pull-down. ipd/o = input w/internal pull-down during reset, output pin otherwise. ipu/o = input w/internal pull-up during reset, output pin otherwise.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 17 m9999-091508 pin number pin name type (1) port pin function (2) 82 smrxd1 ipd/o switch mii receive bit 1. strap option: pd (default) = switch mii in 100mbps mode; pu = switch mii in 10mbps mode. 81 smrxd2 ipd/o switch mii receive bit 2. strap option: pd (default) = switch mii in full- duplex mode; pu = switch mii in half-duplex mode. 80 smrxd3 ipd/o switch mii receive bit 3. strap option: pd (default) = disable switch mii full-duplex flow control; pu = enable switch mii full-duplex flow control. 79 smrxdv ipd/o switch mii receive data valid. 75 smtxc i/o switch mii transmit clock. phy or mac mode m ii. 73 smtxd0 ipd switch mii transmit bit 0. 72 smtxd1 ipd switch mii transmit bit 1. 71 smtxd2 ipd switch mii transmit bit 2. 70 smtxd3 ipd switch mii transmit bit 3. 69 smtxen ipd switch mii transmit enable. 74 smtxer ipd switch mii transmit error. 1 mdixdis ipd 1-5 disable auto mdi/mdi-x. 128 test2 factory test pin. 118 testen ipd factory test pin. 7 txp1 o 1 physical transmit signal + (differential). 13 txp2 o 2 physical transmit signal + (differential). 22 txp3 o 3 physical transmit signal + (differential). 28 txp4 o 4 physical transmit signal + (differential). 35 txp5 o 5 physical transmit signal + (differential). 8 txm1 o 1 physical transmit signal ? (differential). 14 txm2 o 2 physical transmit signal ? (differential). 23 txm3 o 3 physical transmit signal ? (differential). 29 txm4 o 4 physical transmit signal ? (differential). 36 txm5 o 5 physical transmit signal ? (differential). 123 vddap p 1.8v analog v dd for pll. 3 vddar p 1.8v analog v dd . 15 vddar p 1.8v analog v dd . 31 vddar p 1.8v analog v dd . 41 vddar p 1.8v analog v dd . 43 vddar p 1.8v analog v dd . 125 vddar p 1.8v analog v dd . notes: 1. p = power supply. i = input. o = output. i/o = bidirectional. gnd = ground. ipu = input w/internal pull-up. ipd = input w/internal pull-down. ipd/o = input w/internal pull-down during reset, output pin otherwise. ipu/o = input w/internal pull-up during reset, output pin otherwise. 2. pu = strap pin pull-up. pd = strap pull-down.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 18 m9999-091508 pin number pin name type (1) port pin function 9 vddat p 2.5v or 3.3v analog v dd . 18 vddat p 2.5v or 3.3v analog v dd . 24 vddat p 2.5v or 3.3v analog v dd . 37 vddat p 2.5v or 3.3v analog v dd . 50 vddc p 1.8v digital core v dd . 89 vddc p 1.8v digital core v dd . 117 vddc p 1.8v digital core v dd . 59 vddio p 3.3v digital v dd for digital i/o circuitry. 77 vddio p 3.3v digital v dd for digital i/o circuitry. 100 vddio p 3.3v digital v dd for digital i/o circuitry. 121 x1 i 25mhz crystal clock connection/or 3.3v tolerant oscillator input. oscillator should be 100ppm. 122 x2 o 25mhz crystal clock connection. notes: 1. p = power supply. i = input. o = output.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 19 m9999-091508 introduction the ks8995xa contains five 10/100 physical layer transceivers and five media access control (mac) units with an integrated layer 2 switch. the device runs in three modes. the first mode is as a five-port integrated switch. the second is as a five-port switch with the fifth port decoupled from the physical port. in this mode access to the fifth mac is provided through a media independent interface (mii) . this is useful for implementing an integrated broadband router. the third mode uses the dual mii feature to recover the use of the fifth phy. this allows the additional broadband gateway configuration, where the fifth phy may be accessed through the mii-p5 port. the ks8995xa is optimized for an unmanaged design in which the configuration is achieved through i/o strapping or eeprom programming at system reset time. on the media side, the ks8995xa supports ieee 802.3 10base-t, 100base-tx on all ports, and 100base-fx on ports 4 and 5. the ks8995xa can be used as two separate media converters. physical signal transmission and reception are enhanced through the use of patented analog circuitry that makes the design more efficient and allows for lower power consumption and smaller chip die size. the major enhancements from the ks8995e to the ks8995xa are support for programmable rate limiting, a dual mii interface, mdc/mdio control interface for ieee 802.3-defined register configuration (not all the registers), per-port broadcast storm protection, local loopback and lower power consumption. the ks8995xa is pin-compatible to the managed switch, the ks8995m. functional overview: physical layer transceiver 100base-tx transmit the 100base-tx transmit function performs parallel-to-serial conversion, 4b/5b coding, scrambling, nrz-to-nrzi conversion, mlt3 encoding and transmission. the circuit starts with a parallel-to-serial conversion, which converts the mii data from the mac into a 125mhz serial bit stream. the data and control stream is then converted into 4b/5b coding followed by a scrambler. the serialized data is further converted from nrz to nrzi format, and then transmitted in mlt3 current output. the output current is set by an external 1% 3.01k ? resistor for the 1:1 transformer ratio. it has a typical rise/fall time of 4ns and complies with the ansi tp-pmd standard regarding amplitude balance, overshoot and timing jitter. the wave-shaped 10base-t output is also incorporated into the 100base-tx transmitter. 100base-tx receive the 100base-tx receiver function performs adaptive equalization, dc restoration, mlt3-to-nrzi conversion, data and clock recovery, nrzi-to-nrz conversion, de-scrambling, 4b/5b decoding and serial-to-parallel conversion. the receiving side starts with the equalization filter to compensate for inter-symbol interference (isi) over the twisted pair cable. since the amplitude loss and phase distortion is a function of the length of the cable, the equalizer has to adjust its characteristics to optimize the performance. in this design, the variable equalizer will make an initial estimation based on comparisons of incoming signal strength against some known cable characteristics, then it tunes itself for optimization. this is an ongoing process and can self-adjust against environmental changes such as temperature variations. the equalized signal then goes through a dc restoration and data conversion block. the dc restoration circuit is used to compensate for the effect of baseline wander and improve the dynamic range. the differential data conversion circuit converts the mlt3 format back to nrzi. the slicing threshold is also adaptive. the clock recovery circuit extracts the 125mhz clock from the edges of the nrzi signal. this recovered clock is then used to convert the nrzi signal into the nrz format. the signal is then sent through the de-scrambler followed by the 4b/5b decoder. finally, the nrz serial data is converted to the mii format and provided as the input data to the mac. pll clock synthesizer the ks8995xa generates 125mhz, 42mhz, 25mhz, and 10mhz clocks for system timing. internal clocks are generated from an external 25mhz crystal. scrambler/de-scrambler (100base-tx only) the purpose of the scrambler is to spread the power spectrum of the signal in order to reduce emi and baseline
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 20 m9999-091508 wander. the data is scrambled through the use of an 11-bit wide linear feedback shift register (lfsr). this can generate a 2047-bit nonrepetitive sequence. the receiver will then de-scramble the incoming data stream with the same sequence at the transmitter. 100base-fx operation 100base-fx operation is very similar to 100base-tx operation except that the scrambler/de-scrambler and mlt3 encoder/decoder are bypassed on transmission and reception. in this mode the auto-negotiation feature is bypassed since there is no standard that supports fiber auto-negotiation. 100base-fx signal detection the physical port runs in 100base-fx mode if fxsdx >0.6v for ports 4 and 5 only. this signal is internally referenced to 1.25v.the fiber module interface should be set by a voltage divider such that fxsdx ?h? is above this 1.25v reference, indicating signal detect, and fxsdx ?l? is below the 1.25v reference to indicate no signal. when fxsdx is below 0.6v then 100base-fx mode is disabled. 100base-fx far end fault far end fault occurs when the signal detection is logically false from the receive fiber module. when this occurs, the transmission side signals the other end of the link by sending 84 1?s followed by a zero in the idle period between frames. the far end fault may be disabled through register settings. 10base-t transmit the output 10base-t driver is incorporated into the 100base-t driver to allow transmission with the same magnetics. they are internally wave-shaped and pre-emphasized into outputs with a typical 2.3v amplitude. the harmonic contents are at least 27db below the fundamental when driven by an all-ones manchester-encoded signal. 10base-t receive on the receive side, input buffer and level detecting squelch circuits are employed. a differential input receiver circuit and a pll perform the decoding function. the manchester-encoded data stream is separated into clock signal and nrz data. a squelch circuit rejects signals with levels less than 400mv or with short pulsewidths in order to prevent noises at the rxp or rxm input from falsely triggering the decoder. when the input exceeds the squelch limit, the pll locks onto the incoming signal and the ks8995xa decodes a data frame. the receiver clock is maintained active during idle periods in between data reception. power management the ks8995xa features a per port power down mode. to save power the user can power down ports that are not in use by setting port control registers or mii control registers. in addition, it also supports full chip power down mode. when activated, the entire chip will be shutdown. mdi/mdi-x auto crossover the ks8995xa supports mdi/mdi-x auto crossover. this facilitates the use of either a straight connection cat-5 cable or a crossover cat-5 cable. the auto-sense function will detect remote transmit and receive pairs, and correctly assign the transmit and receive pairs from the micrel device. this can be highly useful when end users are unaware of cable types and can also save on an additional uplink configuration connection. the auto crossover feature may be disabled through the port control registers. auto-negotiation the ks8995xa conforms to the auto-negotiation protocol as described by the 802.3 committee. auto-negotiation allows unshielded twisted pair (utp) link partners to select the best common mode of operation. in auto-negotiation the link partners advertise capabilities across the link to eac h other. if auto-negotiation is not supported or the link partner to the ks8995xa is forced to bypass auto-negotiation, then the mode is set by observing the signal at the receiver. this is known as parallel mode because while the transmitter is sending auto-negotiation advertisements, the receiver is listening for advertisements or a fixed signal protocol. the flow for the link set up is depicted in figure 4.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 21 m9999-091508 start auto negotiation force link setting listen for 10baset link pulses listen for 100basetx idles attempt auto-negotiation link mode set bypass auto-negotiation and set link mode link mode set ? join flow no yes yes no figure 4. auto-negotiation functional overview: switch core address look-up the internal look-up table stores mac addresses and their associated information. it contains a 1k unicast address table plus switching information. the ks8995xa is guaranteed to learn 1k addresses and distinguishes itself from hash-based look-up tables which, depending on the operating environment and probabilities, may not guarantee the absolute number of addresses it can learn. learning the internal look-up engine will update its table with a new entry if the following conditions are met: ? the received packet?s source address (sa) does not exist in the look-up table. ? the received packet is good; the packet has no receiving errors, and is of legal length. the look-up engine will insert the qualified sa into the table, along with the port number, time stamp. if the table is full, the last entry of the table will be deleted first to make room for the new entry. migration the internal look-up engine also monitors whether a station is moved. if it happens, it will update the table accordingly. migration happens when the following conditions are met: ? the received packet?s sa is in the table but the associated source port information is different. ? the received packet is good; the packet has no receiving errors, and is of legal length. the look-up engine will update the existing record in the table with the new source port information. aging the look-up engine will update the time stamp information of a record whenever the corresponding sa appears. the time stamp is used in the aging process. if a record is not updated for a period of time, the look-up engine will remove the record from the table. the look-up engine constantly performs the aging process and will continuously remove aging records. the aging period is 300 75 seconds. this feature can be enabled or disabled through register 3 or by external pull-up or pull-down resistors on led[5][2]. see ?register 3? section.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 22 m9999-091508 switching engine the ks8995xa features a high performance switching engine to move data to and from the mac?s packet buffers. it operates in store and forward mode, while the efficient switching mechanism reduces overall latency. the ks8995xa has a 64kb internal frame buffer. this resource is shared between all five ports. the buffer sharing mode can be programmed through register 2. see ?register 2.? in one mode, ports are allowed to use any free buffers in the buffer pool. in the second mode, each port is only allowed to use 1/5 of the total buffer pool. there are a total of 512 buffers available. each buffer is sized at 128b. media access controller (mac) operation the ks8995xa strictly abides by ieee 802.3 standards to maximize compatibility. inter-packet gap (ipg) if a frame is successfully transmitted, the 96-bit time ipg is measured between the two consecutive mtxen. if the current packet is experiencing collision, the 96-bit time ipg is measured from mcrs and the next mtxen. backoff algorithm the ks8995xa implements the ieee std. 802.3 binary exponential back-off algorithm, and optional ?aggressive mode? back off. after 16 collisions, the packet will be optionally dropped depending on the chip configuration in register 3. see ?register 3.? late collision if a transmit packet experiences collisions after 512-bit times of the transmission, the packet will be dropped. illegal frames the ks8995xa discards frames less than 64 bytes and can be programmed to accept frames up to 1536 bytes in register 4. for special applications, the ks8995xa can also be programmed to accept frames up to 1916 bytes in register 4. since the ks8995xa supports vlan tags, the maximum sizing is adjusted when these tags are present. flow control the ks8995xa supports standard 802.3x flow control frames on both transmit and receive sides. on the receive side, if the ks8995xa receives a pause control frame, the ks8995xa will not transmit the next normal frame until the timer, specified in the pause control frame, expires. if another pause frame is received before the current timer expires, the timer will be updated with the new value in the second pause frame. during this period (being flow controlled), only flow control packets from the ks8995xa will be transmitted. on the transmit side, the ks8995xa has intelligent and efficient ways to determine when to invoke flow control. the flow control is based on availability of the system resources, including available buffers, available transmit queues and available receive queues. the ks8995xa will flow control a port, which just received a packet, if the destination port resource is being used up. the ks8995xa will issue a flow control frame (xoff), containing the maximum pause time defined in ieee standard 802.3x. once the resource is freed up, the ks8995xa will send out the other flow control frame (xon) with zero pause time to turn off the flow control (turn on transmission to the port). a hysteresis feature is provided to prevent the flow control mechanism from being activated and deactivated too many times. the ks8995xa will flow control all ports if the receive queue becomes full. half-duplex back pressure a half-duplex back pressure option (note: not in 802.3 standards) is also provided. the activation and deactivation conditions are the same as the above in full-duplex mode. if back pressure is required, the ks8995xa will send preambles to defer the other stations? transmission (carrier sense deference). to avoid jabber and excessive deference defined in 802.3 standard, after a certain time it will discontinue the carrier sense but it will raise the carrier sense quickly. this short silent time (no carrier sense) is to prevent other stations from sending out packets and keeps other stations in carrier sense deferred state. if the port has packets to send during a back pressure situation, the carrier-sense-type back pressure will be interrupted and those packets will be transmitted instead. if there are no
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 23 m9999-091508 more packets to send, carrier-sense-type back pressure will be active again until switch resources are free. if a collision occurs, the binary exponential back-off algorithm is skipped and carrier sense is generated immediately, reducing the chance of further colliding and maintaining carrier sense to prevent reception of packets. to ensure no packet loss in 10base-t or 100base-tx half-duplex modes, the user must enable the following: ? aggressive backoff (register 3, bit 0) ? no excessive collision drop (register 4, bit 3) ? back pressure (register 4, bit 5) these bits are not set as the default because this is not the ieee standard. broadcast storm protection the ks8995xa has an intelligent option to protect the switch system from receiving too many broadcast packets. broadcast packets will be forwarded to all ports except the source port, and thus use too many switch resources (bandwidth and available space in transmit queues). the ks8995xa has the option to include ?multicast packets? for storm control. the broadcast storm rate parameters are programmed globally, and can be enabled or disabled on a per port basis. the rate is based on a 50ms interval for 100bt and a 500ms interval for 10bt. at the beginning of each interval, the counter is cleared to zero, and the rate limit mechanism starts to count the number of bytes during the interval. the rate definition is described in register 6 and register 7. the default setting for registers 6 and 7 is 0x4a, which is 74 decimal. this is equal to a rate of 1%, calculated as follows: 148,800 frames/sec 50ms/interval 1% = 74 frames/interval (approx.) = 0x4
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 24 m9999-091508 mii interface operation the media independent interface (mii) is specified by the ieee 802.3 committee and provides a common interface between physical layer and mac layer devices. the ks8995xa provides two such interfaces. the mii-p5 interface is used to connect to the fifth phy, whereas the mii-sw interface is used to connect to the fifth mac. each of these mii interfaces contains two distinct groups of signals, one for transmission and the other for receiving. the table below describes the signals used in the mii-p5 interface. the mii-p5 interface operates in phy mode only, while the mii-sw interface operates in either mac mode or phy mode. these interfaces are nibble-wide data interfaces and therefore run at 1/4 the network bit rate (not encoded). additional signals on the transmit side indicate when data is valid or when an error occurs during transmission. likewise, the receive side has indicators that convey when the data is valid and without physical layer errors. for half-duplex operation, there is a signal that indicates a collision has occurred during transmission. note that the signal mrxer is not provided on the mii-sw interface for phy mode operation and the signal mtxer is not provided on the mii-sw interface for mac mode operation. normally mrxer would indicate a receive error coming from the physical layer device. mtxer would indicate a transmit error from the mac device. these signals are not appropriate for this configuration. for phy mode operation, if the device interfacing with the ks8995xa has an mrxer pin, it should be tied low. for mac mode operation, if the device interfacing with the ks8995xa has an mtxer pin, it should be tied low. mii signal description ks8995xa signal mtxen transmit enable pmtxen mtxer transmit error pmtxer mtxd3 transmit data bit 3 pmtxd[3] mtxd2 transmit data bit 2 pmtxd[2] mtxd1 transmit data bit 1 pmtxd[1] mtxd0 transmit data bit 0 pmtxd[0] mtxc transmit clock pmtxc mcol collision detection pcol mcrs carrier sense pcrs mrxdv receive data valid pmrxdv mrxer receive error pmrxer mrxd3 receive data bit 3 pmrxd[3] mrxd2 receive data bit 2 pmrxd[2] mrxd1 receive data bit 1 pmrxd[1] mrxd0 receive data bit 0 pmrxd[0] mrxc receive clock pmrxc mdc management data clock mdc mdio management data i/o mdio table 1. mii ? p5 signals (phy mode)
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 25 m9999-091508 phy mode connection mac mode connection external mac ks8995xa signal description external phy ks8995xa signal mtxen smtxen transmit enable mtxen smrxdv mtxer smtxer transmit error mtxer not used mtxd3 smtxd[3] transmit data bit 3 mtxd3 smrxd[3] mtxd2 smtxd[2] transmit data bit 2 mtxd2 smrxd[2] mtxd1 smtxd[1] transmit data bit 1 mtxd1 smrxd[1] mtxd0 smtxd[0] transmit data bit 0 mtxd0 smrxd[0] mtxc smtxc transmit clock mtxc smrxc mcol scol collision detection mcol scol mcrs scrs carrier sense mcrs scrs mrxdv smrxdv receive data valid mrxdv smtxen mrxer not used receive error mrxer smtxer mrxd3 smrxd[3] receive data bit 3 mrxd3 smtxd[3] mrxd2 smrxd[2] receive data bit 2 mrxd2 smtxd[2] mrxd1 smrxd[1] receive data bit 1 mrxd1 smtxd[1] mrxd0 smrxd[0] receive data bit 0 mrxd0 smtxd[0] mrxc smrxc receive clock mrxc smtxc table 2. mii ? sw signals
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 26 m9999-091508 sni interface operation the serial network interface (sni) is compatible with some controllers used for network layer protocol processing. this interface can be directly connected to these types of devices. the signals are divided into two groups, one for transmission and the other for reception. the signals involved are described in the table below. sni signal description ks8995xa signal txen transmit enable smtxen txd serial transmit data smtxd[0] txc transmit clock smtxc col collision detection scol crs carrier sense smrxdv rxd serial receive data smrxd[0] rxc receive clock smrxc table 3. sni signals this interface is a bit-wide data interface and therefore runs at the network bit rate (not encoded). an additional signal on the transmit side indicates when data is valid. likewise, the receive side has an indicator that conveys when the data is valid. for half-duplex operation there is a signal that indicates a collision has occurred during transmission. advanced functionality qos support the ks8995xa is a qos switch, meaning that is it able to identify selected packets on its ingress ports, prioritize them, and service the packets according to their priority on the egress ports. in this way, the ks8995xa can provide statistically better service to the high priority packets that are latency sensitive, or require higher bandwidth. the ks8995xa supports ingress qos classification using three different mechanisms: port-based priority, 802.1p tag- based priority, and dscp priority for ipv4 packets. port-based priority is useful when the user wants to give a device on a given port high priority. for example in figure 7, port 1 is given high priority because it is connected to an ip phone and port 4 is given lower priority because it is connected to a computer whose data traffic may be less sensitive to network congestion. each port on the ks8995xa can be set as high or low priority with an eeprom. the port priority is set in bit 4 of registers 0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40, 0x50 for ports 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. port-based priority is overridden by the or?ed result of the 802.1p and dscp priorities if they are all enabled at the same time. ip phone figure 7. port-based priority
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 27 m9999-091508 the ks8995xa can classify tagged packets using the 802.1p tag-based priority. in this prioritization scheme, the user can enable the 802.1p classification on a per port basis in bit 5 of registers 0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40 and 0x50 for ports 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. then the user specifies the 802.1p base priority in register 0x02, bits [6-4]. when a tagged packet is received, the ks8995xa examines the 3 bit 802.1p priority field shown in figure 6. these 3 bits are compared against the base priority. the prioritization policy is as follows: comparison priority 802.1p priority base priority high 802.1p priority < base priority low table 4. 802.1p priority preamble da sa tci 8664 length llc data crc 2 46-1500 4 1 ta gged packet type (8100 fo r ethernet) 802.1 p cfi vlan i d bytes bits 16 3 12 figure 6. 802.3 tagged packet v ip siz ader 46 4 preamble da sa ta g 866 type data crc 2 46-1500 4 bytes bits er. 0x 4 diffserv res. 2 he e 42 figure 7. ipv4 packet in order to support qos from end-to-end in a network, the ks8995xa can also classify packets based on the ipv4 diffserv field shown in figure 7. the diffserv field consists of 6 bits, which can be used to specify 64 code points. the ks8995xa provides 64 bits (dscp[63:0]) in 8 registers (0x60 to 0x67), in which the user specifies the priority of each of the 64 code points. the diffserv classification is enabled on a per port basis in bit 6 of registers 0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40 and 0x50 for ports 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. if the diffserv classification is enabled on a port, the ks8995xa will decode the ipv4 diffserv field and look at the user defined code point bit to determine if the packet is high priority or low priority. if the code point is a ?1?, the packet is high priority. if the code point is ?0?, the packet is low priority.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 28 m9999-091508 diffserv field (binary) code point ks8995x (reg. and bit) 000000 dscp[0] 0x67, bit 0 000001 dscp[1] 0x67, bit 1 000010 dscp[2] 0x67, bit 2 000011 dscp[3] 0x67, bit 3 000100 dscp[4] 0x67, bit 4 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 111011 dscp[59] 0x60, bit 3 111100 dscp[60] 0x60, bit 4 111101 dscp[61] 0x60, bit 5 111110 dscp[62] 0x60, bit 6 111111 dscp[63] 0x60, bit 7 table 5. diffserv code point once classification of the packets has been determined either by port-based priority, 802.1p tag-based priority or diffserv priority, they are placed in either the high or low priority queue on the egress port. the user can enable the egress priority queues on a per port basis by setting bit 0 of registers 0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40, and 0x50 for ports 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. if the egress priority queue for a given port is not set, the port will treat all packets as if they are the same priority, even though packets are classified on their ingress ports. if the egress priority queue for a given port is enabled, packets are serviced based on the user programmable egress policy. the priority scheme selection is set in register 0x05 bits[3-2] as shown in table 6. register 0x05, bit 3 register 0x05, bit 2 egress priority scheme 0 0 always deliver high priority packets first 0 1 deliver high/low priority packets at a ratio of 10/1 1 0 deliver high/low priority packets at a ratio of 5/1 1 1 deliver high/low priority packets at a ratio of 2/1 table 6. transmit priority ratio the ks8995xa offers support for port-based, 802.1p tag-based, and ipv4 diffserv priority, as well as programmable egress policies. these ks8995xa qos features enable identifying, classifying and forwarding packets based on their priority. the system designer is able to use this device to build network elements that give more control over system resources, priority service to mission critical applications, and can be integrated into the next generation of multimedia networks. rate limit support ks8995xa supports hardware rate limiting on ?receive? and ?transmit? independently on a per port basis. it also supports rate limiting in a priority or non-priority environment. the rate limit starts from 0kbps and goes up to the line rate in steps of 32kbps. the ks8995xa uses one second as an interval. at the beginning of each interval, the counter is cleared to zero, and the rate limit mechanism starts to count the number of bytes during this interval.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 29 m9999-091508 for receive, if the number of bytes exceeds the programmed limit, the switch will stop receiving packets on the port until the ?one second? interval expires. there is an option provided for flow control to prevent packet loss. if the rate limit is programmed greater than or equal to 128kbps and the byte counter is 8k bytes below the limit, the flow control will be triggered. if the rate limit is programmed lower than 128kbps and the byte counter is 2k bytes below the limit, the flow control will be triggered. for transmit, if the number of bytes exceeds the programmed limit, the switch will stop transmitting packets on the port until the ?one second? interval expires. if priority is enabled, the ks8995xa can support different rate controls for both high priority and low priority packets. this can be programmed through registers 21 ? 27. configuration interface the ks8995xa functions as an unmanaged switch. if no eeprom exists, the ks8995xa will operate from its default and strap-in settings. i 2 c master serial bus configuration if a 2-wire eeprom exists, the ks8995xa can perform more advanced features like broadcast storm protection and rate control. the eeprom should have the entire valid configuration data from register 0 to register 109 defined in the memory map, except the status registers. the configuration access time (t prgm ) is less than 15ms as shown in figure 8. .... .... .... rst_n scl sd a t prgm <15 ms figure 8. eeprom configuration timing diagram to configure the ks8995xa with a pre-configured eeprom use the following steps: ? at the board level, connect pin 110 on the ks8995xa to the scl pin on the eeprom. connect pin 111 on the ks8995xa to the sda pin on the eeprom. ? be sure the board-level reset signal is connected to the ks8995xa reset signal on pin 115 (rst_n). ? program the contents of the eeprom before placing it on the board with the desired configuration data. note that the first byte in the eeprom must be ?95? for the loading to occur properly. if this value is not correct, all other data will be ignored. ? place eeprom on the board and power up the board. assert the active-low board level reset to rst_n on the ks8995xa. after the reset is de-asserted, the ks8995xa will begin reading configuration data from the eeprom. the configuration access time (tprgm) is less than 15ms. note: for proper operation, make sure pin 47 (pwrdn_n) is not asserted during the reset operation. mii management interface (miim) a standard miim interface is provided for all five phy devices in the ks8995xa. an external device with mdc/mdio capability is able to read phy status or to configure phy settings. for details on the miim interface standard, please reference the ieee 802.3 specification (section 22.2.4.5). the miim interface does not have access to all the configuration registers in the ks8995xa. it can only access the standard mii registers. see ?miim registers? section.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 30 m9999-091508 register map offset decimal hex description 0-1 0x00-0x01 chip id registers 2-11 0x02-0x0b global control registers 12-15 0x0c-0x0f reserved 16-29 0x10-0x1d port 1 control registers 30-31 0x1e-0x2f port 1 status registers 32-45 0x20-0x2d port 2 control registers 46-47 0x2e-0x2f port 2 status registers 48-61 0x30-0x3d port 3 control registers 62-63 0x3e-0x3f port 3 status registers 64-77 0x40-0x4d port 4 control registers 78-79 0x4e-0x4f port 4 status registers 80-93 0x50-0x5d port 5 control registers 94-95 0x5e-0x5f port 5 status registers 96-103 0x60-0x67 tos priority control registers 104-109 0x68-0x6d mac address registers global registers address name description mode default register 0 (0x00): chip id0 7-0 family id chip family ro 0x95 register 1 (0x01): chip id1/start switch 7-4 chip id 0x0 is assigned to 95 series. (95xa) ro 0x0 3-1 revision id revision id ro based on real chip revision, 0x02=b2, 0x03=b3, 0x04=b4, 0x05=b5, etc. 0 start switch the chip starts automatically after trying to read the external eeprom. if eeprom does not exist, the chip will use default values for all internal registers. if eeprom is present, the contents in the eeprom will be checked. the switch will check: (1) register 0 = 0x95, (2) register 1 [7:4] = 0x0. if this check is ok, the contents in the eeprom will override chip register default values. rw 0x0 register 2 (0x02): global control 0 7 reserved reserved r/w 0x0 6-4 802.1p base priority used to classify priority for incoming 802.1q packets. ?user priority? is compared against this value : classified as high priority < : classified as low priority r/w 0x4
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 31 m9999-091508 address name description mode default 3 enable phy mii 1, enable phy mii interface (note: if not enabled, the switch will tri-state all outputs.) r/w pin led[5][1] strap option. pull-down (0): isolate. pull-up (1): enable. note: led[5][1] has internal pull-up. 2 buffer share mode 1, buffer pool is shared by all ports. a port can use more buffer when other ports are not busy. 0, a port is only allowed to use 1/5 of the buffer pool. r/w 0x1 1 unh mode 1, the switch will drop packets with 0x8808 in t/l filed, or da=01-80-c2-00-00-01. 0, the switch will drop packets qualified as ?flow control? packets. r/w 0 0 link change age 1, link change from ?link? to ?no link? will cause fast aging (<800s) to age address table faster. after an age cycle is complete, the age logic will return to normal (300 75 seconds). note: if any port is unplugged, all addresses will be automatically aged out. r/w 0 register 3 (0x03): global control 1 7 pass all frames 1, switch all packets including bad ones. used solely for debugging purpose. works in conjunction with sniffer mode. r/w 0 6 reserved reserved r/w 0 5 ieee 802.3x transmit flow control disable 0, will enable transmit flow control based on an result 1, will not enable transmit flow control regardless of an result. r/w pin pmrxd3 strap option. pull-down (0): enable tx flow control. pull-up (1): disable tx/rx flow control. note: pmrxd3 has internal pull-down. 4 ieee 802.3x receive flow control disable 0, will enable receive flow control based on an result 1, will not enable receive flow control regardless of an result. note: bit 5 and bit 4 default values are controlled by the same pin, but they can be programmed independently. r/w pin pmrxd3 strap option. pull-down (0): enable rx flow control. pull-up (1): disable tx/rx flow control. note: pmrxd3 has internal pull-down. 3 frame length field check 1, will check frame length field in the ieee packets. if the actual length does not match, the packet will be dropped. (for l/t < 1500) r/w 0 2 aging enable 1, enable age function in the chip 0, disable aging function r/w pin led[5][2] strap option. pull-down (0): aging disable. pull-up (1): aging enable. note: led[5][2] has internal pull-up. 1 fast age enable 1, turn on fast age (800s) r/w 0
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 32 m9999-091508 address name description mode default 0 aggressive back off enable 1, enable more aggressive back off algorithm in half duplex mode to enhance performance. this is not an ieee standard. r/w pin pmrxd0 strap option. pull-down (0): disable aggressive back off. pull-up (1): aggressive backoff. note: pmrxd0 has internal pull-down. register 4 (0x04): global control 2 7 reserved reserved r/w 1 6 multicast storm protection disable 1, ?broadcast storm protection? does not include multicast packets. only da=ffffffffffff packets will be regulated. 0, ?broadcast storm protection? includes da = ffffffffffff and da[40] = 1 packets. r/w 1 5 reserved reserved r/w 1 4 flow control and back pressure fair mode 1, fair mode is selected. in this mode, if a flow control port and a non-flow control port talk to the same destination port, packets from the non-flow control port may be dropped. this is to prevent the flow control port from being flow controlled for an extended period of time. 0, in this mode, if a flow control port and a non-flow control port talk to the same destination port, the flow control port will be flow controlled. this may not be ?fair? to the flow control port. r/w 1 3 no excessive collision drop 1, the switch will not drop packets when 16 or more collisions occur. 0, the switch will drop packets when 16 or more collisions occur. r/w pin pmrxd1 strap option. pull-down (0): drop excessive collision packets. pull-up (1): don?t drop excessive collision packets. note: pmrxd1 has internal pull-down. 2 huge packet support 1, will accept packet sizes up to 1916 bytes (inclusive). this bit setting will override setting from bit 1 of the same register. 0, the max packet size will be determined by bit 1 of this register. r/w 0 1 legal maximum packet size check disable 1, will accept packet sizes up to 1536 bytes (inclusive). 0, 1522 bytes for tagged packets (not including packets with stpid from cpu to ports 1-4), 1518 bytes for untagged packets. any packets larger than the specified value will be dropped. r/w pin pmrxer strap option. pull-down (0): 1518/1522 byte packets. pull-up value will be dropped. (1): 1536 byte packets note: pmrxer has internal pull- down.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 33 m9999-091508 address name description mode default 0 priority buffer reserve 1, each output queue is pre-allocated 48 buffers, used exclusively for high priority packets. it is recommended to enable this when priority queue feature is turned on. 0, no reserved buffers for high priority packets. r/w 0 register 5 (0x05): global control 3 7 reserved reserved r/w 0 6 reserved reserved r/w 0 5 reserved reserved r/w 0 4 reserved reserved r/w 0 3-2 priority scheme select 00 = always deliver high priority packets first. 01 = deliver high/low packets at ratio 10/1. 10 = deliver high/low packets at ratio 5/1. 11 = deliver high/low packets at ratio 2/1. r/w 00 1 reserved reserved r/w 0 0 sniff mode select 1, will do rx and tx sniff (both source port and destination port need to match). 0, will do rx or tx sniff (either source port or destination port needs to match). this is the mode used to implement rx only sniff. r/w 0 register 6 (0x06): global control 4 7 switch mii back pressure enable 1, enable half-duplex back pressure on switch mii interface. 0, disable back pressure on switch mii interface. r/w 0 6 switch mii half duplex mode 1, enable mii interface half-duplex mode. 0, enable mii interface full-duplex mode. r/w pin smrxd2 strap option. pull-down (0): full-duplex mode. pull-up (1): half duplex mode. note: smrxd2 has internal pull down. 5 switch mii flow control enable 1, enable full-duplex flow control on switch mii interface. 0, disable full-duplex flow control on switch mii interface. r/w pin smrxd3 strap option. pull-down (0): disable flow control. pull-up (1): enable flow control note: smrxd3 has internal pull-down. 4 switch mii 10bt 1, the switch interface is in 10mbps mode. 0, the switch interface is in 100mbps mode. r/w pin smrxd1 strap option. pull-down (0): enable 100mbps pull-up (1): enable 10mpbs. note: smrxd1 has internal pull-down. 3 null vid replacement 1, will replace null vid with port vid (12 bits). 0, no replacement for null vid. r/w 0 2-0 broadcast storm protection rate bit [10:8] this along with the next register determines how many ?64 byte blocks? of packet data allowed on an input port in a preset period. the period is 50ms for 100bt or 500ms for 10bt. the default is 1%. r/w 000
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 34 m9999-091508 address name description mode default register 7 (0x07): global control 5 7-0 broadcast storm protection rate bit [7:0] this along with the previous register determines how many ?64 byte blocks? of packet data are allowed on an input port in a preset period. the period is 50ms for 100bt or 500ms for 10bt. the default is 1%. r/w 0x4a (1) register 8 (0x08): global control 6 7-0 factory testing reserved r/w 0x24 register 9 (0x09): global control 7 7-0 factory testing reserved r/w 0x28 register 10 (0x0a): global control 8 7-0 factory testing reserved r/w 0x24 register 11 (0x0b): global control 9 7-4 reserved n/a 0 3 phy power save 1, disable phy power save mode. 0, enable phy power save mode. r/w 0 2 factory setting reserved r/w 0 1 led mode 0, led mode 0 1, led mode 1 mode 0, link up at 100/full ledx[2,1,0]=0,0,0 100/half ledx[2,1,0]=0,1,0 10/full ledx[2,1,0]=0,0,1 10/half ledx[2,1,0]=0,1,1 mode 1, link up at 100/full ledx[2,1,0]=0,1,0 100/half ledx[2,1,0]=0,1,1 10/full ledx[2,1,0]=1,0,0 10/half ledx[2,1,0]=1,0,1 (0=led on, 1=led off) r/w pin smrxd0 strap option. pull- down(0): enabled led mode 0. pull- up(1): enabled. led mode 1. note: smrxdo has internal pull- down 0. mode 0 mode 1 ledx_2 lnk/act 100lnk/act ledx_1 fulld/col 10lnk/act ledx_0 speed fulld 0 reserved reserved r/w 0 note: 1. 148,800 frames/sec 50ms/interval 1% = 74 frames/interval (approx.) = 0x4a.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 35 m9999-091508 port registers the following registers are used to enable features that are assigned on a per port basis. the register bit assignments are the same for all ports, but the address for each port is different, as indicated. register 16 (0x10): port 1 control 0 register 32 (0x20): port 2 control 0 register 48 (0x30): port 3 control 0 register 64 (0x40): port 4 control 0 register 80 (0x50): port 5 control 0 address name description mode default 7 broadcast storm protection enable 1, enable broadcast storm protection for ingress packets on the port. 0, disable broadcast storm protection. r/w 0 6 diffserv priority classification enable 1, enable diffserv priority classification for ingress packets on port. 0, disable diffserv function. r/w 0 5 802.1p priority classification enable 1, enable 802.1p priority classification for ingress packets on port. 0, disable 802.1p. r/w 0 4 port-based priority classification enable 1, ingress packets on the port will be classified as high priority if ?diffserv? or ?802.1p? classification is not enabled or fails to classify. 0, ingress packets on port will be classified as low priority if ?diffserv? or ?802.1p? classification is not enabled or fails to classify. note: ?diffserv?, ?802.1p? and port priority can be enabled at the same time. the or?ed result of 802.1p and dscp overwrites the port priority. r/w 0 3 reserved reserved r/w 0 2 tag insertion 1, when packets are output on the port, the switch will add 802.1q tags to packets without 802.1q tags when received. the switch will not add tags to packets already tagged. the tag inserted is the ingress port?s ?port vid.? 0, disable tag insertion. r/w 0 1 tag removal 1, when packets are output on the port, the switch will remove 802.1q tags from packets with 802.1q tags when received. the switch will not modify packets received without tags. 0, disable tag removal. r/w 0 0 priority enable 1, the port output queue is split into high and low priority queues. 0, single output queue on the port. there is no priority differentiation even though packets are classified into high or low priority. r/w 0 register 17 (0x11): port 1 control 1 register 33 (0x21): port 2 control 1 register 49 (0x31): port 3 control 1 register 65 (0x41): port 4 control 1 register 81 (0x51): port 5 control 1
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 36 m9999-091508 address name description mode default 7 sniffer port 1, port is designated as sniffer port and will transmit packets that are monitored. 0, port is a normal port. r/w 0 6 receive sniff 1, all the packets received on the port will be marked as ?monitored packets? and forwarded to the designated ?sniffer port.? 0, no receive monitoring. r/w 0 5 transmit sniff 1, all the packets transmitted on the port will be marked as ?monitored packets? and forwarded to the designated ?sniffer port.? 0, no transmit monitoring. r/w 0 4-0 port vlan membership define the port?s port vlan membership. bit 4 stands for port 5, bit 3 for port 4...bit 0 for port 1. the port can only communicate within the membership. a ?1? includes a port in the membership, a ?0? excludes a port from membership. r/w 0x1f register 18 (0x12): port 1 control 2 register 34 (0x22): port 2 control 2 register 50 (0x32): port 3 control 2 register 66 (0x42): port 4 control 2 register 82 (0x52): port 5 control 2 address name description mode default 7 reserved reserved 0x0 6 reserved reserved r/w 0 5 discard non-pvid packets 1, the switch will discard packets whose vid does not match ingress port default vid. 0, no packets will be discarded. r/w 0 4 force flow control 1, will always enable rx and tx flow control on the port, regardless of an result. 0, the flow control is enabled based on an result. note: setting a port for both half-duplex and forced flow control is an illegal configuration. for half-duplex enable back pressure. r/w 0 for port 4 only, there is a special configuration pin to set the default, pin pcol strap option. pull-down (0): no force flow control. pull-up (1): force flow control. note: pcol has internal pull-down . 3 back pressure enable 1, enable port half-duplex back pressure. 0, disable port half-duplex back pressure. r/w pin pmrxd2 strap option. pull- down (0): disable back pressure. pull-up(1): enable back pressure. note: pmrxd2 has internal pull- down. 2 transmit enable 1, enable packet transmission on the port. 0, disable packet transmission on the port. r/w 1 1 receive enable 1, enable packet reception on the port. 0, disable packet reception on the port. r/w 1
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 37 m9999-091508 address name description mode default 0 learning disable 1, disable switch address learning capability. 0, enable switch address learning. r/w 0 register 19 (0x13): port 1 control 3 register 35 (0x23): port 2 control 3 register 51 (0x33): port 3 control 3 register 67 (0x43): port 4 control 3 register 83 (0x53): port 5 control 3 address name description mode default 7-0 default tag [15:8] port?s default tag, containing: 7-5: user priority bits 4: cfi bit 3-0 : vid[11:8] r/w 0 register 20 (0x14): port 1 control 4 register 36 (0x24): port 2 control 4 register 52 (0x34): port 3 control 4 register 68 (0x44): port 4 control 4 register 84 (0x54): port 5 control 4 address name description mode default 7-0 default tag [7:0] default port 1?s tag, containing: 7-0: vid[7:0] r/w 1 note: registers 19 and 20 (and those corresponding to other ports) serve two purposes: (1) associated with the ingress untagged packe ts, and used for egress tagging; (2) default vid for the ingress untagged or null-vid-tagged packets, and used for address look up. register 21 (0x15): port 1 control 5 register 37 (0x25): port 2 control 5 register 53 (0x35): port 3 control 5 register 69 (0x45): port 4 control 5 register 85 (0x55): port 5 control 5 address name description mode default 7-0 transmit high priority rate control [7:0] this along with port control 7, bits [3:0] form a 12-bit field to determine how many ?32kbps? high priority blocks can be transmitted (in a unit of 4k bytes in a one second period). r/w 0 register 22 (0x16): port 1 control 6 register 38 (0x26): port 2 control 6 register 54 (0x36): port 3 control 6 register 70 (0x46): port 4 control 6 register 86 (0x56): port 5 control 6
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 38 m9999-091508 address name description mode default 7-0 transmit low priority rate control [7:0] this along with port control 7, bits [7:4] form a 12-bit field to determine how many ?32kbps? low priority blocks can be transmitted (in a unit of 4k bytes in a one second period). r/w 0 register 23 (0x17): port 1 control 7 register 39 (0x27): port 2 control 7 register 55 (0x37): port 3 control 7 register 71 (0x47): port 4 control 7 register 87 (0x57): port 5 control 7 address name description mode default 7-4 transmit low priority rate control [11:8] this along with port control 6, bits [7:0] form a 12-bit field to determine how many ?32kbps? low priority blocks can be transmitted (in a unit of 4k bytes in a one second period). r/w 0 3-0 transmit high priority rate control [11:8] this along with port control 5, bits [7:0] form a 12-bit field to determine how many ?32kbps? high priority blocks can be transmitted (in unit of 4k bytes in a one second period). r/w 0 register 24 (0x18): port 1 control 8 register 40 (0x28): port 2 control 8 register 56 (0x38): port 3 control 8 register 72 (0x48): port 4 control 8 register 88 (0x58): port 5 control 8 address name description mode default 7-0 receive high priority rate control [7:0] this along with port control 10, bits [3:0] form a 12-bit field to determine how many ?32kbps? high priority blocks can be received (in a unit of 4k bytes in a one second period). r/w 0 register 25 (0x19): port 1 control 9 register 41 (0x29): port 2 control 9 register 57 (0x39): port 3 control 9 register 73 (0x49): port 4 control 9 register 89 (0x59): port 5 control 9 address name description mode default 7-0 receive low priority rate control [7:0] this along with port control 10, bits [7:4] form a 12-bit field to determine how many ?32kbps? low priority blocks can be received (in a unit of 4k bytes in a one second period). r/w 0
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 39 m9999-091508 register 26 (0x1a): port 1 control 10 register 42 (0x2a): port 2 control 10 register 58 (0x3a): port 3 control 10 register 74 (0x4a): port 4 control 10 register 90 (0x5a): port 5 control 10 address name description mode default 7-4 receive low priority rate control [11:8] this along with port control 9, bits [7:0] form a 12-bit field to determine how many ?32kbps? low priority blocks can be received (in a unit of 4k bytes in a one second period). r/w 0 3-0 receive high priority rate control [11:8] this along with port control 8, bits [7:0] form a 12-bit field to determine how many ?32kbps? high priority blocks can be received (in a unit of 4k bytes in a one second period). r/w 0 register 27 (0x1b): port 1 control 11 register 43 (0x2b): port 2 control 11 register 59 (0x3b): port 3 control 11 register 75 (0x4b): port 4 control 11 register 91 (0x5b): port 5 control 11 address name description mode default 7 receive differential priority rate control 1, if bit 6 is also ?1? this will enable receive rate control for this port on low priority packets at the low priority rate. if bit 5 is also ?1?, this will enable receive rate control on high priority packets at the high priority rate. 0, receive rate control will be based on the low priority rate for all packets on this port. r/w 0 6 low priority receive rate control enable 1, enable port?s low priority receive rate control feature. 0, disable port?s low priority receive rate control. r/w 0 5 high priority receive rate control enable 1, if bit 7 is also ?1? this will enable the port?s high priority receive rate control feature. if bit 7 is a ?0? and bit 6 is a ?1?, all receive packets on this port will be rate controlled at the low priority rate. 0, disable port?s high priority receive rate control feature. r/w 0 4 low priority receive rate flow control enable 1, flow control may be asserted if the port?s low priority receive rate is exceeded. 0, flow control is not asserted if the port?s low priority receive rate is exceeded. r/w 0 3 high priority receive rate flow control enable 1, flow control may be asserted if the port?s high priority receive rate is exceeded. to use this, differential receive rate control must be on. 0, flow control is not asserted if the port?s high priority receive rate is exceeded. r/w 0 2 transmit differential priority rate control 1, transmit rate control on both high and low priority packets based on the rate counters defined by the high and low priority packets respectively. 0, transmit rate control on any packets. the rate counters defined in low priority will be used. r/w 0 1 low priority transmit rate control enable 1, enable the port?s low priority transmit rate control feature. 0, disable the port?s low priority transmit rate control feature. r/w 0
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 40 m9999-091508 address name description mode default 0 high priority transmit rate control enable 1, enable the port?s high priority transmit rate control feature. 0, disable the port?s high priority transmit rate control feature. r/w 0 register 28 (0x1c): port 1 control 12 register 44 (0x2c): port 2 control 12 register 60 (0x3c): port 3 control 12 register 76 (0x4c): port 4 control 12 register 92 (0x5c): port 5 control 12 address name description mode default 7 disable auto-negotiation 1, disable auto-negotiation, speed and duplex are decided by bit 6 and 5 of the same register. 0, auto-negotiation is on. r/w 0 6 forced speed 1, forced 100bt if an is disabled (bit 7). 0, forced 10bt if an is disabled (bit 7). r/w 1 5 forced duplex 1, forced full-duplex if (1) an is disabled or (2) an is enabled but failed. 0, forced half-duplex if (1) an is disabled or (2) an is enabled but failed. r/w 0 for port 4 only, there is a special configure pin to set the default pin pcrs strap option. pull-down (0): force half- duplex. pull-up (1): force full- duplex. note: pcrs has internal pull down . 4 advertised flow control capability 1, advertise flow control capability. 0, suppress flow control capability from transmission to link partner. r/w 1 3 advertised 100bt full- duplex capability 1, advertise 100bt full-duplex capability. 0, suppress 100bt full-duplex capability from transmission to link partner. r/w 1 2 advertised 100bt half- duplex capability 1, advertise 100bt half-duplex capability. 0, suppress 100bt half-duplex capability from transmission to link partner. r/w 1 1 advertised 10bt full- duplex capability 1, advertise 10bt full-duplex capability. 0, suppress 10bt full-duplex capability from transmission to link partner. r/w 1 0 advertised 10bt half- duplex capability 1, advertise 10bt half-duplex capability. 0, suppress 10bt half-duplex capability from transmission to link partner. r/w 1 note: port control 12 and 13, and port status 0 contents can be accessed by miim (mdc/mdio) interface via the standard miim register definition. register 29 (0x1d): port 1 control 13 register 45 (0x2d): port 2 control 13 register 61 (0x3d): port 3 control 13 register 77 (0x4d): port 4 control 13 register 93 (0x5d): port 5 control 13
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 41 m9999-091508 address name description mode default 7 led off 1, turn off all port?s leds (ledx_2, ledx_1, ledx_0, where ?x? is the port number). these pins will be driven high if this bit is set to one. 0, normal operation. r/w 0 6 txids 1, disable port?s transmitter. 0, normal operation. r/w 0 5 restart an 1, restart auto-negotiation. 0, normal operation. r/w 0 4 disable far end fault 1, disable far end fault detection and pattern transmission. 0, enable far end fault detection and pattern transmission. r/w 0 3 power down 1, power down. 0, normal operation. r/w 0 2 disable auto mdi/mdi-x 1, disable auto mdi/mdi-x function. 0, enable auto mdi/mdi-x function. r/w 0 1 forced mdi 1, if auto mdi/mdi-x is disabled, force phy into mdi mode. 0, mdix mode. r/w 0 0 mac loopback 1, perform mac loopback. 0, normal operation. r/w 0 register 30 (0x1e): port 1 status 0 register 46 (0x2e): port 2 status 0 register 62 (0x3e): port 3 status 0 register 78 (0x4e): port 4 status 0 register 94 (0x5e): port 5 status 0 address name description mode default 7 mdix status 1, mdi. 0, mdi-x. ro 0 6 an done 1, an done. 0, an not done. ro 0 5 link good 1, link good. 0, link not good. ro 0 4 partner flow control capability 1, link partner flow control capable. 0, link partner not flow control capable. ro 0 3 partner 100bt full-duplex capability 1, link partner 100bt full-duplex capable. 0, link partner not 100bt full-duplex capable. ro 0 2 partner 100bt half- duplex capability 1, link partner 100bt half-duplex capable. 0, link partner not 100bt half-duplex capable. ro 0 1 partner 10bt full-duplex capability 1, link partner 10bt full-duplex capable. 0, link partner not 10bt full-duplex capable. ro 0 0 partner 10bt half-duplex capability 1, link partner 10bt half-duplex capable. 0, link partner not 10bt half-duplex capable. ro 0 register 31 (0x1f): port 1 control 14 register 47 (0x2f): port 2 control 14 register 63 (0x3f): port 3 control 14 register 79 (0x4f): port 4 control 14 register 95 (0x5f): port 5 control 14
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 42 m9999-091508 address name description mode default 7 phy loopback 1, perform phy loopback, i.e. loopback mac?s tx back to rx. 0, normal operation. r/w 0 6 remote loopback 1, perform remote loopback, i.e. loopback phy?s rx back to tx. 0, normal operation. r/w 0 5 phy isolate 1, electrical isolation of phy from mii and tx+/tx-. 0, normal operation. r/w 0 4 soft reset 1, phy soft reset. 0, normal operation. r/w 0 3 force link 1, force link in the phy. 0, normal operation. r/w 0 2-1 reserved n/a ro 0 0 far end fault 1, far end fault status detected. 0, no far end fault status detected. ro 0
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 43 m9999-091508 advanced control registers the ipv4 tos priority control registers implement a fully decoded 64 bit differentiated services code point (dscp) register used to determine priority from the 6 bit tos field in the ip header. the most significant 6 bits of the tos field are fully decoded into 64 possibilities, and the singular code that results is compared against the corresponding bit in the dscp register. if the register bit is a 1, the priority is high; if it is a 0, the priority is low. address name description mode default register 96 (0x60): tos priority control register 0 7-0 dscp[63:56] r/w 00000000 register 97 (0x61): tos priority control register 1 7-0 dscp[55:48] r/w 00000000 register 98 (0x62): tos priority control register 2 7-0 dscp[47:40] r/w 00000000 register 99 (0x63): tos priority control register 3 7-0 dscp[39:32] r/w 00000000 register 100 (0x64): tos priority control register 4 7-0 dscp[31:24] r/w 00000000 register 101 (0x65): tos priority control register 5 7-0 dscp[23:16] r/w 00000000 register 102 (0x66): tos priority control register 6 7-0 dscp[15:8] r/w 00000000 register 103 (0x67): tos priority control register 7 7-0 dscp[7:0] r/w 00000000 registers 104 to 109 define the switching engine?s mac address. this 48-bit address is used as the source address in mac pause control frames. register 104 (0x68): mac address register 0 7-0 maca[47:40] r/w 0x00 register 105 (0x69): mac address register 1 7-0 maca[39:32] r/w 0x10 register 106 (0x6a): mac address register 2 7-0 maca[31:24] r/w 0xa1 register 107 (0x6b): mac address register 3 7-0 maca[23:16] r/w 0xff register 108 (0x6c): mac address register 4 7-0 maca[15:8] r/w 0xff register 109 (0x6d): mac address register 5 7-0 maca[7:0] r/w 0xff
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 44 m9999-091508 miim registers the ?phyad? defined by ieee is assigned as ?0x1? for port 1, ?0x2? for port 2, ?0x3? for port 3, ?0x4? for port 4, ?0x5? for port 5. the ?regad? supported are 0,1,2,3,4,5. address name description mode default register 0: mii control 15 soft reset 1, phy soft reset. 0, normal operation. ro 0 14 loop back 1, loop back mode (loop back at mac). 0, normal operation. w 0 13 force 100 1, 100mbps. 0, 10mbps. r/w 1 12 an enable 1, auto-negotiation enabled. 0, auto-negotiation disabled. r/w 1 11 power down 1, power down. 0, normal operation. r/w 0 10 isolate not supported. ro 0 9 restart an 1, restart auto-negotiation. 0, normal operation. r/w 0 8 force full-duplex 1, full-duplex. 0, half-duplex. r/w 0 7 collision test not supported. ro 0 6 reserved ro 0 5 reserved ro 0 4 force mdi 1, force mdi. 0, normal operation. r/w 0 3 disable auto mdix 1, disable auto mdi-x. 0, normal operation. r/w 0 2 disable far end fault 1, disable far end fault detection. 0, normal operation. r/w 0 1 disable transmit 1, disable transmit. 0, normal operation. r/w 0 0 disable led 1, disable led. 0, normal operation. r/w 0 register 1: mii status 15 t4 capable 0, not 100 baset4 capable. ro 0 14 100 full capable 1, 100base-tx full-duplex capable. 0, not capable of 100base-tx full-duplex. ro 1 13 100 half capable 1, 100base-tx half-duplex capable. 0, not 100base-tx half-duplex capable. ro 1 12 10 full capable 1, 10base-t full-duplex capable. 0, not 10base-t full-duplex capable. ro 1 11 10 half capable 1, 10base-t half-duplex capable. 0, not 10base-t half-duplex capable. ro 1 10-7 reserved ro 0 6 preamble suppressed not supported. ro 0 5 an complete 1, auto-negotiation complete. 0, auto-negotiation not completed. ro 0 4 far end fault 1, far end fault detected. 0, no far end fault detected. ro 0 3 an capable 1, auto-negotiation capable. 0, not auto-negotiation capable. ro 1
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 45 m9999-091508 address name description mode default 2 link status 1, link is up. 0, link is down. ro 0 1 jabber test not supported. ro 0 0 extended capable 0, not extended register capable. ro 0 register 2: phyid high 15-0 phyid high high order phyid bits. ro 0x0022 register 3: phyid low 15-0 phyid low low order phyid bits. ro 0x1450 register 4: advertisement ability 15 next page not supported. ro 0 14 reserved ro 0 13 remote fault not supported. ro 0 12-11 reserved ro 0 10 pause 1, advertise pause ability. 0, do not advertise pause ability. r/w 1 9 reserved r/w 0 8 adv 100 full 1, advertise 100 full-duplex ability. 0, do not advertise 100 full-duplex ability. r/w 1 7 adv 100 half 1, advertise 100 half-duplex ability. 0, do not advertise 100 half-duplex ability. r/w 1 6 adv 10 full 1, advertise 10 full-duplex ability. 0, do not advertise 10 full-duplex ability. r/w 1 5 adv 10 half 1, advertise 10 half-duplex ability. 0, do not advertise 10 half-duplex ability. r/w 1 4-0 selector field 802.3 ro 00001 register 5: link partner ability 15 next page not supported. ro 0 14 lp ack not supported. ro 0 13 remote fault not supported. ro 0 12-11 reserved ro 0 10 pause link partner pause capability. ro 0 9 reserved ro 0 8 adv 100 full link partner 100 full capability. ro 0 7 adv 100 half link partner 100 half capability. ro 0 6 adv 10 full link partner 10 full capability. ro 0 5 adv 10 half link partner 10 half capability. ro 0 4-0 reserved ro 00000
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 46 m9999-091508 absolute maximum ratings (1) supply voltage (v ddar , v ddap , v ddc ) .......................?0.5v to +2.4v (v ddat , v ddio ) .................................?0.5v to +4.0v input voltage (all in puts) ......................?0.5v to +4.0v output voltage (all outputs) ................?0.5v to +4.0v lead temperature (soldering, 10 sec.) ..............270c storage temperature (t s ) .................?55c to +150c operating ratings (2) supply voltage (v ddar , v ddap , v ddc )....................... +1.7v to +1.9v (v ddat ) ..........+3.15v to +3.45v or +2.4v to +2.6v (v ddio ) ........................................ +3.15v to +3.45v ambient temperature (t a ) commercial .................................... ?0c to +70c package thermal resistance (3) pqfp ( ja ) no air flow........................42.91c/w pqfp ( jc ) no air flow .........................19.6c/w electrical characteristics (4, 5) symbol parameter condition min typ max units 100base-tx operation?all ports 100% utilization i dx 100base-tx (transmitter) v ddat 20 28 ma i ddc 100base-tx (digital core/pll+ analog rx) v ddc , v ddap , v ddar 157 230 ma i ddio 100base-tx (digital io) v ddio 17 30 ma 10base-tx operation ?all ports 100% utilization i dx 10base-t (transmitter) v ddat 15 25 ma i ddc 10base-t (digital core + analog rx) v ddc , v ddap 102 180 ma i ddio 10base-t (digital io) v ddio 6 15 ma auto-negotiation mode i dx 10base-t (transmitter) v ddat 25 40 ma i ddc 10base-t (digital core + analog rx) v ddc , v ddap 108 180 ma i ddio 10base-t (digital io) v ddio 17 20 ma ttl inputs v ih input high voltage +2.0 v v il input low voltage +0.8 v i in input current (excluding pull-up/pull-down) v in = gnd ~ v ddio ?10 10 a ttl outputs v oh output high voltage i oh = ?8ma +2.4 v v ol output low voltage i ol = 8ma +0.4 v i oz output tri-state leakage v in = gnd ~ v ddio 10 a 100base-tx transmit (measured differentially after 1:1 transformer) v o peak differential output voltage 100 ? termination on the differential output 0.95 1.05 v v imb output voltage imbalance 100 ? termination on the differential output 2 % rise/fall time 3 5 ns t r t t rise/fall time imbalance 0 0.5 ns duty cycle distortion 0.5 ns overshoot 5 % v set reference voltage of i set 0.5 v output jitters peak-to-peak 0.7 1.4 ns
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 47 m9999-091508 symbol parameter condition min typ max units 10base-t receive v sq squelch threshold 5mhz square wave 400 mv 10base-t transmit (measured differentially after 1:1 transformer) v ddat = 2.5v v p peak differential output voltage 100 ? termination on the differential output 2.3 v jitters added 100 ? termination on the differential output 16 ns rise/fall times 28 30 ns notes: 1. exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. the device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. unused inputs must always be tied to an appropriate l ogic voltage level (ground to v dd ). 3. no heat spreader in package. the thermal junction to ambient ( ja ) and the thermal junction to case ( jc ) are under air velocity 0m/s. 4. specification for packaged product only. a single port?s transformer consumes an additional about 40ma for 100base-tx and 59 ma for 10bese-t. 5. measurements were taken with operating ratings.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 48 m9999-091508 timing diagrams scl sda tcyc1 ts1 th1 receive timing figure 9. eeprom interface input receive timing diagram scl sda tcyc1 transmit timing tov1 figure 10. eeprom interface output transmit timing diagram symbol parameter min typ max units t cyc1 clock cycle 16384 ns t s1 set-up time 20 ns t h1 hold time 20 ns t ov1 output valid 4096 4112 4128 ns table 7. eeprom timing parameters
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 49 m9999-091508 tcyc2 ts2 th2 mtxc mtxen mtxd[0] receive timing figure 11. sni input timing mrxc mrxdv tcyc2 transmit timing tov2 mrxd[0] mcol figure 12. sni output timing symbol parameter min typ max units t cyc2 clock cycle 100 ns t s2 set-up time 10 ns t h2 hold time 0 ns t o2 output valid 0 3 6 ns table 8. sni timing parameters
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 50 m9999-091508 figure 13. mii received timing ? for 100base-t symbol parameter min typ max units t p rxc period 40 ns t wl rxc pulse width 20 ns t wh rxc pulse width 20 ns t su rxd [3:0], rxdv set-up to rising edge of rxc 20 ns t hd rxd [3:0], rxdv hold from rising edge of rxc 20 ns t rlat crs to rxd latency, 4b or 5b aligned 60 ns table 9. mii received timing parameters
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 51 m9999-091508 figure 14. mii transmitte d timing ? for 100base-t symbol parameter min typ max units t su1 txd [3:0] set-up to txc high 10 ns t su2 txen set-up to txc high 10 ns t hd1 txd [3:0] hold after txc high 0 ns t hd2 txer hold after txc high 0 ns t crs1 txen high to crs asserted latency 40 ns t crs2 txen low to crs de-asserted latency 40 ns table 10. mii transmitted timing parameters
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 52 m9999-091508 tsr tcs tch trc supply voltage rst_n strap-in value strap-in / output pin figure 15. reset timing symbol parameter min typ max units t sr stable supply voltages to reset high 10 ms t cs configuration set-up time 50 ns t ch configuration hold time 50 ns t rc reset to strap-in pin output 50 ns table 11. reset timing parameters
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 53 m9999-091508 reset circuit diagram micrel recommends the following discrete reset circuit as shown in figure 16 when powering up the ks8895xa device. for the application where the reset circuit signal comes from another device (e.g., cpu, fpga, etc), we recommend the reset circuit as shown in figure 17. vcc r 10k c 10f d1 ks8995xa rst d1: 1n4148 figure 16. recommended reset circuit vcc r 10k d2 c 10f d1 cpu/fpga rst_out_n ks8995xa rst d1, d2: 1n4148 figure 17. recommended circuit for interfacing with cpu/fpga reset at power-on-reset, r, c, and d1 provide the necessary ramp rise time to reset the micrel device. the reset out from cpu/fpga provides warm reset after power up. it is also recommended to power up the vdd core voltage earlier than vddio voltage. at worst case, the both vdd core and vddio voltages should come up at the same time.
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 54 m9999-091508 selection of isolation transformer (1) one simple 1:1 isolation transformer is needed at the line interface. an isolation transformer with integrated common- mode choke is recommended for exceeding fcc requirements. the following table gives recommended transformer characteristics. characteristics name value test condition turns ratio 1 ct : 1 ct open-circuit inductance (min.) 350h 100mv, 100khz, 8ma leakage inductance (max.) 0.4h 1mhz (min.) inter-winding capacitance (max.) 12pf d.c. resistance (max.) 0.9 ? insertion loss (max.) 1.0db 0mhz to 65mhz hipot (min.) 1500vrms note: 1. the ieee 802.3u standard for 100base-tx assumes a transformer loss of 0.5db. for the transmit line transformer, insertion lo ss of up to 1.3db can be compensated by increasing the line drive current by means of reducing the iset resistor value. the following transformer vendors provide compatible magnetic parts for micrel?s device: 4-port integrated single-port vendor part auto mdix number of ports vendor part auto mdix number of ports pulse h1164 yes 4 pulse h1102 yes 1 bel fuse 558-5999-q9 yes 4 bel fuse s558-5999-u7 yes 1 ycl ph406466 yes 4 ycl pt163020 yes 1 transpower hb826-2 yes 4 transpower hb726 yes 1 delta lf8731 yes 4 delta lf8505 yes 1 lankom sq-h48w yes 4 lankom lf-h41s yes 1 table 12. qualified magnetics lists
micrel, inc. ks8995xa september 2008 55 m9999-091508 package information 128-pin pqfp (pq) micrel, inc. 2180 fortune drive san jose, ca 95131 us a tel +1 (408) 944-0800 fax +1 (408) 474-1000 web http:/www.micrel.com the information furnished by micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is a ssumed by micrel for its use. micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. micrel products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfu nction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a ) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to resul t in a significant injury to the user. a purchaser?s use or sale of micrel products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a pu rchaser?s own risk and purchaser agrees to fully indemnify micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. ? 2008 micrel, incorporated.

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